Mothers Against Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Mothers Against Drunk parkway leavenMoral entrepreneurs refer to people who fashion or define what is wrong. They claim that a certain social phenomenon is a business that deserves or calls for an immediate response or action. They persuade the corporation to make or set strategies or policies ground on a specific viewpoint. After identifying a social problem, they work on policies that are consistent with the problem definition. A good example of clean entrepreneurs is Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and the anti-tobacco lobby. MADD has gained mankind support in fighting against drink movement which was responsible for many crimes. They have increased the public awareness of imbibition to make people more aware about the adverse effects of driving under the influence of intoxicant. They changed their initial name of Mothers Against Drunk Drivers to Mothers Against Drunk Driving so that it would gain more meaning as it was against the law. MADD is not opposed to the individuals only if to the act of drinking. It has provided grass root leadership so as to create major social change in the people attitudes and behaviour towards drunk driving.It carries out effective research in an effort of providing relevant and accurate knowledge to the public in matters related to drunk driving. Governments, corporations, educators, the media and the public at large encourage MADDS efforts. It is comprises of men and young women of all walks of life who are voluntary to join hands in fighting drunk driving as well as underage drinking. It is committed to offering assistance to victims and survivors of drunk driving through emotional, legal, medical and financial ramifications.MADD has large number of trained victims advocates across the country that provide the appropriate information needed. They inform of the criminal justice procedures and assist victims through out the period. Communication is a very important aspect in ensuring that MADDS activi ties are successful. It uses the media, the Internet, public or outreach and collaborations with the entertainment industry to guarantee that its issues are well address. Its committed to eliminating the problem from grass root level as well as advocating for high-visibility law enforcement strategies.They advocate for severe penalties to those engraft guilty for instance through license revocation. To influence the public opinion to accept the definition of a problem as important and that which requires to be addressed amicably will require moral entrepreneurs to engage vigorously in public activities. After identifying the evil in society they must influence the public with the intension of pulling them to their school of thought. They influence the larger population, legislation, organise public demonstration as well as create issues for the mass media.Tobacco consume is a serious drug issue that needs to be addressed. Smoking is linked to dangerous health effects not only to the user but in addition to those surrounding them through the arcsecond hand take in. Tobacco ingredients comprised of over 4000 chemicals all of which so-and-so cause harmful effects to the body. They include tar, carbon monoxide, due north oxides, hydrogen cyanide, metals and other radioactive compounds. It can cause cancer and other lung diseases. It causes irritation to the trachea and the voice box and can increase symptoms like spit out and wheezing as well as permanent damage to the air sacs of the lungs.Smoking in public should be prohibited second hand smoke can also cause cancer in human beings leading to deaths of many people. In establishing an effective strategy to gain public support it would be important to first carry out appropriate research on the effects of smoking to human beings. Disseminating this information to the public would enable them have a better understanding of the actual effects of smoking. Incorporating scholars, scientists and relevant prof essionals not only in the research but also in the information dissemination kit and caboodle to increase the credibility of the efforts against smoking.Lobbying the government to enhance laws against smoking in public places like restaurants, and bars would also be an appropriate step in the fight against adverse effects of smoking. Smoking should also be prohibited in the work place so as to protect innocent workers from the effects of second hand smoke. Installing no-smoking zone posters in offices and in other public places would be a way of communicating to people that smoking is not tolerated. Anti-smoking campaigns can be vigorously established where mass education on the dangers of smoking would be applied.Liasing with entertainment programs would also be appropriate in disseminating information regarding smoking. hard-hitting communication must be incorporated in all the campaign strategies. Teamwork is very crucial if any strategy is to be successful. It is therefore ver y important to ensure that there is collaboration with governmental as well as non-governmental programs. Incorporating people of all races, age, gender and ethnicity would bear positive responses in the fight against smoking. Essay 2 Frequent fliers are addicts who are constantly checking in hospitals for detoxifyification.Their rate or frequency for such visitation could be as high as 100 nights in a year. The detoxification process is at a cost to the government especially when leaveed for in Medicaid and frequent visitation by same patients aggravates the problem further. (www. jointogether. org). Some patients blame their drug addiction to their social situations. A person would be a heavy user of alcohol, cocaine and heroin but after a detoxification program he or she would go suffer to drugs when he squandered his money on women and drugs and be rendered homeless. This would trigger their motive of going for a detoxification.They would seek the detoxification due to their homelessness and financial constraints instead of their own personal will to quit drugs. Their main aim would be to acquire a shelter quite a than a solution to their drug problem. The fact that the detoxification is free and it offers quality care could be a agreement facilitating the frequent fliers in hospitals for detoxification. Medicaid programs to fund the drug and alcohol discourse cost much for the government. The cost is aggravated, as there are categories of patient and varying cost for the treatment.Patients going for detoxification may do it at polar hospitals across a state and if the patient is being among the most overpriced patients the cost will be very high According to hospital executives, the expensive form of detoxification is a significant moneymaker as it brings about more than 40% profits to the hospitals in question. The hospitals may be too unwilling to dispose the prices, as their profits would be jeopardized. In fact many hospitals offer the care b ut opt for the expensive ones rather than the cheaper one.Approximately 80% of the detox patients get treated at the most expensive level as it is the only one available. New York State tends to spend more than other states on alcohol and drug related issues. There is evident wastage of government resources because over 80% of the patients in medically managed detoxification are not serious cases and could have been tended to(p) to using cheaper detoxification means. The argument presented is that if the a state paid less for the top level care it would be able to pay for others and the development of such go would be enhanced.An effort to change the detox payment system would spell doom for the hospital industry, as it is one of the hospitals sources of profit. (www. jointogether. org). Drug treatment would be a very effective way of solving the frequent fliers problem. It would also be less expensive and yield better results for the user as well as the government which would now reduce its expenditure costs would be minimal if patients consistently visited the same hospitals and same doctors than if they visited varying doctors.The theory that ruff explains the phenomenon of frequent fliers is the first one, which explains how desperation among the drug addicts sees them back to hospitals for detox. To them, the hospitals act as a home or place that provides shelter for them and this is their main reason for visit the hospitals. (www. jointogether. org). To my opinion better strategies should be put in place to ensure that addicts visiting hospitals for detox do so out of their own will and not due to compulsion.They ought to have realized that they have problems that need to be addressed and not as a means of seeking greener pastures when life becomes hard. Counselling is also an appropriate measure in ensuring that after the detox addicts reduced their addiction or became better people in society rather than continuing with their drugs cry out problems . Programs established to assist the drug addicts in solving the frequent fliers problem would include those geared to increase their skills.Such programs should be geared to restoring their effectiveness or their normal lives through training. This way they would be fit better in the society and lead better lives free from drug addiction. With the training they can detect their self-respect, ethics, and morals and better handle their addiction problem. Effective training can enable them get stable employment which can provide them with the finances to cater for their basic needs for instance shelter, food and clothing and they would not require to go back to the hospitals for the provision of basic needs.With self-respect, they would not indulge in activities that do not add value to their life. Employment is about engagement of mind and time and the chances for idleness are minimized. This works to ensure that they are not attracted back to their drug addiction. More counselling professionals should be incorporated in the hospitals so that those going for detoxification for the first time do not find a reason to go back. More funding should therefore be drawn to this respect.Funding for their accommodation or shelters before they stabilize and suit well in the society is also an appropriate measure. Family members of the addicts should also be trained on how to best handle these people so that they do not go back to their drug addiction. Since drugs would best work for them, they should consequently be funded so that more money is not wasted in trying to fund the detoxification programs that are not in force(p) or effective to the addicts. They are patient who need help and ought not to be exploited to gain hospital profits.

The Company Culture Of Enron Management Essay

The Company Culture Of Enron Management EssayJust as the destiny of individuals is determined by personal character, the destiny of an boldness is determined by the character of its attractorshiphiphip. And when individuals are derai direct beca procedure of a lack of character, the organization will also be harmed (Josephson, 1999).The merger of two Houston-based pipeline companies in 1985 lead to the creation of Enron. It started as an sinew delivery company, but the deregulation a few years later helped it change its focus and become an energy matchmaker or energy broker. The company started matching the buyers and sellers of energy and utilised creative trading methods to generate profits. So in a short span of time, Enron corporations fortunes changed from honourable a surviving company and it become a thriving company- a symbol of sure-fire American corporation.1.2 The Company CultureThe deregulation in 1988 lead to a dramatic change in the corporation. Enron had bec ome the symbol of dynamism and hostility. The culture at Enron was to encourage creativity amongst the employees. It embraced a culture that rewarded cleverness. The employees were motivated to research innovative approach to their work. The limits were pushed for performance on the individual employee level to sustain the astonishing growth levels that the corporation was experiencing. It was slowly moving towards a culture that look up to unchecked ambition. In the pursuit, Enron led a culture which believed in stretching the performance until the limits of ethical conduct were overlooked. We will also see ahead how the leadership at Enron affected a change in the culture of the corporation. If corporate leaders encourage rule-breaking and foster an intimidating, aggressive environment, it is not surprising that the ethical boundaries at Enron eroded a bureau to nothing. Schein (1985) has focused on leadership as the critical comp matchlessnt of the organizations culture because leaders can create, reinforce, or change the organizations culture. This applies not the to the lowest spot to an organizations ethical climate (Sims, 2000 Trevinoet al., 2000 Sims and Brinkmann, 2002).According to Schein (1985) there are five primary mechanisms that a leader can use to influence an organizations culture attention, reaction to crises, role modelling, parcelling of rewards, and criteria for selection and dismissal. Scheins assumption is that these five criteria reinforce and encourage behavioural and cultural norms within an organization. So to summarise the culture at the company as depicted in the movie which was influenced by the following factors. leadership Behaviour (reference?)Espoused values and visionsCommunicating the vision for the formation through stated strategic long-term objectives in the vision statement/yearly general meeting statement.Role modelling and attention on that point were multiple instances of Management-Employee seminars. There wer e also Enron Gas services effect days, where the anxiety would use motivational speech to inspire employees.Reaction to crisisIniti onlyy in the nascent stages of the accounting misdemeanours the caution devised way to avert crisis with efficient use of Public relation to make the event look insignificant.Programs , structuresCriteria for rewards and personnel decisionEnrons remuneration system rewarded individuals who adopted Enrons aggressive, individualistic culture and were based on short profits and financial measures.Symbols , rituals and storiesThe enron management way of celebrating success- organising weekend adventure trips.Jeff Skilling mantra- Do it right, do it now , and do it better1.3 The External EnvironmentEnron had become an energy trading giant in the US market and it was expanding in more sectors and international markets. The surprise with the companys growth was not its ingenuity of doing business but the press forward at which it was expanding. But with a careful counterweight of public relation and good CSR skill, Enron had succeeded in developing a niche amongst the American corporate houses, the American media and the masses. It was a symbol of corporate excellence teamed with an ambitious zeal to succeed at all cost. Enrons spectacular success was receiving positive reviews from the press and the financial analyst community which was incremental in adding fuel to the companys competitive culture.So the movie very succinctly describes the leadership at Enron which encouraged a culture that was virtuously flexible leading to ethical degeneration in the name of ambition.Leadership at EnronThe pillars of Enron were the top management team which always believed in exuberant performance. They were control in their pursuit of delivering on the bottom-line numbers at all cost. This attitude was percolated to the complete organisational structure at Enron by dividing the company in every the risque performing employees or the so- ca lled low-performers. The employees who were a part of the upper-crust were handsomely remunerated. This led to a negatively infected passion amongst the employees to break the performance bench-mark in the organisation to gayly afloat.The reflection of the leadership style in the movie is Indirect leadershipIt is evident from the movie that there was a heavy influence of the top management on the culture of the organisation which cascaded down to all the employees of the company, but indirectly. A form of indirect leadership involves leader influence over the organization culture, which is delineate as the shared beliefs and values of members (Scheinn, 1992- trice Beyer, 1991). Leaders may attempt either to strengthen existing cultural beliefs and values or to change them. There are many ways to influence culture, and they may involve direct influences (communication, a compelling vision or leading by example) or other forms of indirect influence, such as changing the organizati on structure or reward system.Transactional leadershipIt refers to the leadership style wherein the leader exchanges rewards of economic or financial value with the follower. These rewards are based on the premise that the leader recognises the parameters and the levels of performance which justify reasonably the task and also clarifies the conditions under which the rewards are available for justification. The last is to enter a mutually beneficial exchange, but not necessarily to develop a enduring relationship. Although a leadership act transpires, it is not one that binds the leader and follower together in a mutual and continuing pursuit of a higher purpose.But in the movie it is also seen that leaders were in a constant pursuit to convince their followers about their genuine interest of promoting the wel farthere of the stakeholders, which was not the campaign in reality. Yet they were successful in blinding the stakeholders (employees) with their leadership position and ski lls. So here we see an overlap of transactional as comfortably as transformational leadership traits as the leaders at Enron were successful in their motive.Effective transformational leaders may exhibit transactional behaviors, but their leadership style also includes one or more of the following characteristics idealized vision, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration (Bass, 1985 Bass Avolio, 1994). These characteristics are assumed to transform followers and motivate them to do more than initially expected. This transformation presumably occurs through raising the followers awareness of the signicance of designated outcomes, getting followers to transcend their egotism-interests for the good of the organization, or augmenting followers needs on Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs (Bass, 1985). Although leaders and followers purposes may begin as separate but related, they eventually become fused into a linkage of power bases that pro vide support for two members of the relationship.Leadership is about making choices (Kouzes and Posner, 2003). Choice is a binary action that divides options into two sets, the desired and the undesired ones, according to a higher principle or value (Rawls, 1999). Mostovicz (2008) posits that the way people choose is a reflection of their worldview. This discovery can be approached in 2 ways(1) By the need for consummation (the Lambda worldview) or(2) By the need for affiliation (the Theta worldview).Both the world views have a unique set of characteristics. The Lambda are self- motivated and highly driven to benefit individaulistic goals whereas the Theta are more society welfare oriented. The Lamba have a narrow prespective towards the society as such whereas the Theta have a much broader view. The unique characteristics of twain the worldviews along with leadership approach is as mentioned below.ThetaLambdaMotivation/reasonSocially orientedPersonally orientedGoal want unity a nd certaintySeeking challenge and creationBehaviourCommunionAgencyBenefitBuilding respectLooking for personal freedomLeadership principleAuthenticity = truthAuthenticity =genuinenessInclinationToward choiceToward contrastPerception of truthAs an objectiveAs a set of rulesTransformation of aleaderA leader is born. Qualities are subconsciousA leader is developedconsciouslySo the reflection in the movie about the leadership at Enron is more on the Lambda worldview. The attitude induced by the top management through the company made the organisation develop a Lambda view which led to the massive breakdown of the ethical machinery.The LeaderJeff Skilling- the man with the ideas. He was the kind of a person who had big vision of things. One of his favourite books was the Selfish Gene, which was a description about the human nature being steered exactly by greed and competition in the service of passing on the genes. He precious to alter the way in which Energy was being traded. He succe eded in initiating a market for natural gas wherein it started being traded as stocks. He born-again energy into a financial instrument and this led to Enron becoming the largest energy trader in North America.Kenneth Lay was a visionary and he like people who shared this attribute. Jeff Skilling fit in the picture perfectly. He was aggressive, intelligent and possessed exemplary leadership qualities which was incremental in creating a culture of aggression and incentivised competition in the organisation.Under his leadership the organisation transformed from a small energy market player to the biggest energy trading company in North America with a rapidly expanding global operations network. The company was being driven by the aggressive and individualistic attitude which was strongly innate in the system by Jeff Skilling and the policies of the management team for attaining short term profit. These were successful in achieving the results in hindsight but were seriously damagin g the ethical balance in the system.According to the Big Five model (Hogan, Curphy Hogan, 1994, Page 61), Jeff Skilling exhibited the Surgency nature type which had specific traits of Extroversion, High Energy/activity level and a deficiency for power.Charisma was the most important aspect of his personality. He believed in gaining power and self glorification, caring very little for his followers, the ideals or values. This is usually seen in the case of negative charismatics. He used his charisma, to influence people in a way which made them awe-stricken, wanted his acceptance and hence they could not criticise him or his actions. This not just has an influence on the followers, but has an effect on the leader as well. The leader in such cases become not only over-confident but also delusional of their infallibility. To describe further we utilise the following table to understand the charismatic leadership and its effect on the organisation.The leader has impart and absolute authority.Leaders build their eminence and maintain their grip on their followers throught a well-articulated ,emotive communication of their vision.The leader cultivates a compelling and captivating self imageImmense faith invested in the leaderHeavy emphasis on the charismatic attributes of leadership.The CEO had immense and unchallenged authority.Events such as the annual management conference, where leaders promoted themselves in a thearitical manner.Intense faith exhibited by emploess in Lay and Skilling and a declining confidence in the quality of their perceptionsCharismatic LeadershipA totalistic vision, leading to a higher sense of purpose and achievement.Employees assured they were transforming how business was conducted in the world.An intense transcendent ideology.A high degree of personal commitment by followers, to the goals of their leaders.The replacement of the followers existing belief system with a sense of being involved in a important or revolutionary change.A compelling vision and intellectual stimulationIntense recruitement rituals, designed to engage employees in a process of affliation.The transformation of attitudes, behaviour. invariable messages that those hired were part of a special elite and were the brightest and the best in the worldIndoctrination rituals that alternate between stressful and exhilarating.A process of conversion enacted unbroken indoctrination ,to reinforce initials sense of affiliationIndividual considerationPerceived dissenters marginalisedFinancial data falsifiedCultivation of obscure jargon, familiar only to people within the organisationPunitive internal regime.Promotion of a Common CulturePunitive internal environment dissent demonisedUnidirectional communicationNegative information suppress and positive information maximised.Total conformity from followersPower and Influence-Amongst the different types of powers Skilling had both at his disposal. He made use of his position power receivable to his posi tion in Enron and also the personal power.In terms of position power it appears that applied the reward power which meant that his followers complied in order to bring forth rewards and also legitimate powers where in the followers complied as they believed that he had the right to make the request due to his position.Also, we could see the use of his personal powers to a capacious extent where in his vast knowledge about the subject enabled his followers to comply. The followers also admired him and aspired to be like him due to his charismatic personality which also gave him the referent power which helped him gain loyalty and commitment.In order to influence his followers in supporting him he did use rational view to show them the logical side of his argument based on factual evidence. The followers at some time did realise that Skilling was being unethical in his practices and in spite of this realisation still continued to support him. To explain the influence Skilling had o n his followers we can make use of the 3 well known experiments-Milgrams experiment, Solomon Aschs conformity and Zimbardo prison experiment. Milgrams experiment tells us how people conform to an authority figure. The agentic state theory explains this further by stating that the person comes to view himself as an instrument in carrying out another persons wishes and therefore no longer sees himself responsible for his actions.Similarly the other 2 experiments highlight the human behaviour in terms of role conformity and social conformity where in people have a tendency to come under the pressure of social acceptableness and conforming to everything they feel they need to in order to be a part of the group.Leader-Member ExchangeEnron was a company of believers. In a survey in 1997, employees who were surveyed for a feedback faced tremendous faith in the leadership of Kenneth Lay and Jeff Skilling. It has been discussed in this analysis that the company had an indirect leadership st yle, whereby influence of the top management percolated to all the employees in the company through the use of multiple communication strategies (Enron Gas services day) when the top management discussed the future strategy of the company, the importance of employee contribution, commending handsome employee performance etc. So the employees became blind believers in the methodology adopted by the leadership at the organisation and started working with the win at all cost attitude which led to the slow erosion of the ethical fabric. Also the reward system that was created in the organisation, reflected the expectation of the management. The companies reward system only appraised employees who performed consistently with little regard to ethical conduct. Overall,Enrons reward system rewarded individuals who embraced Enrons aggressive, individualisticculture and were based on short-term profits and financial measures.Leadership development at EnronLeadership calls for total commitmen t to the perpetual process of purpose seeking.While leaders are usually concerned with their legacies, their commitment to purposehas to go far deeper. This total commitment implies that, in reality, leaders seekeither my way or nothing. However, this commitment is intrinsic it calls for theleader to mobilise himself, body and soul, but in no way does it imply extrinsically that what is not my way is wrong.Ideal leaders do not exist in practice. Thus, we can relate to leadership as a progressive development only. Since humans cannot be fully conscious of our emotions, a posteriori, we cannot fully mobilise them in order to understand and attain our flavour goals and purpose. Because our purpose remains opaque at best, it follows that leaders will act unethically even when they do so unwillingly or unconsciously. The only way for leaders to improve their ethical position is to interact with others in society to help them reveal their hidden agenda over time. The particular worldview , in turn, shapes these agendas, either Theta or Lambda, that a person embodies in his search for greater self-awareness and contextualisation with his external environment.Appendix

Policy Interventions for Healthcare Inequality

Policy Interventions for wellness do by Ine prime(prenominal)AbstractThe primary purpose of this ask was to determine the disparities in recover to wellness awe and analyse the rationale of the types of policy intervention solutions glob all(prenominal)y to address the contemporary wellness issue in education and training, tax benefits and payments to c argivers, respite c be, railway line regulations combining work and care giving, and financial support and provision of pension credits for care giving. The study was descriptive in nature. The data were analysed and interpreted.IntroductionHaving a broad variety situationors that plays a role in health disparities, it is very demanding and challenging to clarify the determinants of health disparities. For individualistics who are challenged with sociodemographic status, physical disabilities and affected by required circumstances such as calamities or disasters are crucially to escalate likelihood of health disparities th at may lead their later lifespan to health-related problems.Given the incident that mass under these situations are most unfavourable groups in monastic order with regards to income, education, employment, living condition or occupation, health disparities is more anticipated to exist. In this instance, it is prerequisite to obtain which factors bring about to the health disparities.This study is looking forward to initiate further interest in health disparities among policy makers. Particularly, this may alleviate health care professionals better understand the present picture of health disparities and its causes. Correspondingly, the prevention and elimination of health disparities of the population and their outcome improved choice of life will be regarded.The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of health disparities in health care assenting and to produce policy intervention solutions based on education and training, tax benefits and payments to caregi vers, respite care, business regulations combining work and care giving and financial support and provision of credits for care giving. To achieve these purposes, the position and determinants of the health disparities were investigated in these scopes lack of insurance coverage, lack of financial resources, structural barriers, shortage of health care providers, linguistic barriers, health literacy, discrimination and age.TheoryThis study is anchored to the assumption that disparities in care can greatly affect the access of health care. This is explained in the diagram beneathFigure 1. Theoretical Framework for Disparities in Access to Health CareAccording to Anderson (1995) in the behavioural model of health operate operation, population characteristics feature three main components (1) predisposing characteristics, (2) enabling resources, and (3) need. The predisposing characteristics constitute the following elements (a) demographic aspects, such as gender, age, or marital status, (b) cordial structure, such as race/ethnicity, education, religion, or occupation and (c) health benefits, such as knowledge about disease, values about health and illness, and attitude toward health services. The predisposing characteristics affect enabling resources in family, person and association. Personal or family enabling resources touch on knowledge regarding access to and utilisation of health care and manner to access health care, while community enabling resources integrate available health facilities and personnel. The above-mentioned enabling resources have an effect on ones perceived and evaluated health need. How people belief or think of their health status is referred to as perceived health need, while indication of professional judgment relevant to peoples health illnesses or conditions and their stand in need for checkup treatment is referred as evaluated health need.The foregoing population characteristics predisposing characteristics enabling reso urces, and health need will exert influence on ones ad hominem health practices use of health services and health behaviour. Lastly, ones health behaviour impacts health outcomes (perceived) health status and (evaluated) consumer satisfaction. In Andersens (1995) phase 4 of the behavioural model surroundingsal factors external environment and healthcare system having been lately taked, and these factors affect the population characteristics as well as health outcomes.The impact the disparities of access to health care would have on national and international healthcare policy.In the study, health disparities throughout different nations including New Zealand were analysed in access to health care. On top of that, the determinants and existence of such disparities have been focused on. It ought to indicate that access to health care itself affects ones health needs, enabling resources and predisposing characteristics. Nevertheless, further attention is here centered on the direc t impacts of the determinants on health care access. Considering the dynamic and intricate structure of health care access, social demographic characteristics are broadly addressed to determinants of access to health care. The association between access to health care and health status is examined in detailing the determinants.Based on Healthy People 2020 definition of health disparity is a precise type of health difference that is intently associated with economic, social and/or environmental unfavourable circumstance. Health disparities unfavourable influence groups of people who have consistently undergo considerable obstacles to health stands on their ethnic or racial group socioeconomic status religion age gender sensory, cognitive, physical disability mental health gender identity or informal orientation geographic location or some other characteristics typically connected to exclusion or discrimination.A range of sociodemographic characteristics, such as lack of insurance c overage, lack of financial resources, structural barriers, scarcity of providers, linguistic barriers, health literacy and age are involved in access to health care. These sociodemographic characteristics are correlated with non only one another notwithstanding further determinants in different area.Considering health insurance coverage and status issues play an important part in access to health care and these matters are similarly concomitant to other sociodemographic components, analysis on sociodemographic characteristics is frequently focus on health insurance issues. In the absence seizure of health insurance, patients are most apparently to delay checkup care it appears to go without needed medical care, and probably to go in the absence of prescription medications.Despite the fact that the insufficiency of financial funds is a barricade to health care access for many nations, the influence on access become evident to be pronounced for minority populations. Structural barri ers include excessive time spent in the waiting room, an inability to schedule appointments quickly or during convenient hours and poor transportation, each of which influence persons willingness and to acquire needed care.In rural areas, high cities and communities with great congregation of minority populations, access to medical care may be restricted because of the shortage of, specialists, primary care practitioners and diagnostic facilities. Furthermore, language differences (most especially those non-English happy minorities) impede access to medical care.Health literacy is about patients having problems understanding, obtaining and processing basic health information. To give an instance, patients with a deficient comprehension of good health may not knowledgeable when it is needed to movement to find care for definite symptoms. Although issues with health literacy are not confined to minority groups, the situation may further utter in these groups due to educational and socioeconomic factors.Age may as well be a determinant in health disparities for particular reasons. As numerous older individual draw breath on fixed incomes this can create paying for health care expenses burdensome. Besides, they unlikely encounter other hurdle such as lack of transportation or weaken mobility that makes accessing health care services difficult for them physically. Moreover, they cannot have the possibility to access health information through the mesh over their age. This may place older individuals at an unfavourable position in terms of retrieving important information regarding their health and by means to comfort it.Communication is vital for the delivery of effective and appropriate care and treatment, despite of a patients culture, and mis communication may result to improper use of medications, ill-considered diagnosis and failure to undergo follow-up medical care. The relationship of patients provider is reliant on the capacity of both individuals to efficiently communicate. floriculture and language both involved in significant task in communication in the course of a medical consultation. Among the patient populace, minorities appears considerable arrive of difficulty in conveying concerns and understanding with their physicians.In stand of the Health Care Quality Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund (2001), American patients during call into question responded that nineteen percent (19%) of the time they experience difficulty communicating with their health providers which included feeling doctor listened, understanding doctor, and had questions all the same did not enquire. As correspond to the Hispanic population comprise the relatively large problem communicating with their health provider, thirty-three percent (33%) of the time. It is fact that communication is associated to health outcomes, as communication enhanced so certainly patient satisfaction which result to enhanced compliance and will progress health o utcomes. The result of incapacity to communicate with care providers has influence the quality of care.Language takes significant role in communication and determined attempt need to take hold to make sure unblemished communication involving patient and provider. Those non-English speakers that utter the need of an interpreter in the time of clinical calls proclaim having one. In the absence of interpreters in the course of clinical visit add up to the communication barrier. Moreover, incapacity of providers to convey information with deficient English proficient patients results to, more invasive procedures, over prescribing of medications and more diagnostic procedures. slimy communication is a factor to compliance of medical services and health outcomes. Heaps of health-related environments make available interpreter services for their deficient English proficient patients. It is indeed been helpful when health providers do not communicate the similar language as the patient. B ut, there is ascending affirmation that patients require communicating with a language concomitant physician to sustain the desirable medical care, be satisfied with the care experience and bond with the physician.Further communication difficulty number from a decrease or reduce of cultural proficiency by health providers. It is also a great value for health providers to be cognizant of patients health practices and beliefs unescorted judgments or reactions. Comprehending a patients perspective of health and disease is essential for treatment and diagnosis. So health providers required to assess patients health practices and beliefs to refine quality of care. The health decisions made by the patients can be influenced by cultural beliefs, sceptical Western medicine, and hierarchical and familial roles, every single one of these a white health provider may not be familiar with.Another disparity could be discrimination. This is where health care providers likewise consciously or unco nsciously handle certain ethnic and racial patients distinctively from other patients. It may be because of stereotypes that health providers may have concerning racial/ethical groups. Physicians are more possibly to set down negative cultural stereotypes among their minority patients. It may cash in ones chips despite of high regard for personality characteristics, income and education.Meanwhile the fall in States of America favour the term health disparity, some other countries more usually utilise such terms as health inequity or health inequality (Carter Pokras Baquet, 2002). Specifically, the word health inequalities are more commonly used in New Zealand, Europe and Great Britain. According to Harper kill (2005) health disparity includes elements of both health inequality and health inequity. Moreover, inequality is a difference that can be observable and measurable on the other hand inequity encompasses an ethical judgment participate in resolution of the difference.More over, in relation to global health disparities discussed, three of the ten (10) facts about health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand based on New Zealand Medical Association and University of Otago prepared by Tony Blakely and Don Simmers (June, 2011) has similarly contribute to the access of health care. These include(1) Almost all other countries, there is inclination of increasing mortality or exacerbating health right from one side of the affluent to deprived, socio-economic hierarchy, or from rich to poor and most educated to least educated. The socioeconomic differences have made mortality rates broadened in corresponding terms until year 2000, yet have inclined to be stable after all. A close basis of expanding disparity in life expectancy via income about 2000 is indeed apparent. Those people in the top-level of incomes have a 5-6 year satisfaction in life expectancy in contrast to the lowest. New Zealand is level at about fair(a) for rich countries in the realistic magn itude of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality.(2) An unequal division of social determinants such as housing conditions, employment, and income conditions is crucial to driving health inequalities. Unemployment and economic conditions ameliorate between 1994 and 1998, and there is a fall of child poverty. In distinction to, 1998-2004 rates diversified be conditional on the measure, after with Working for Families child poverty momentum cut down from 2004-2007.(3) Behavioural predisposing factors and health services as well come up with inequalities of health. Tobacco is exceptionally significant, as to healthy eating. Health services is further substantial, primarily as the efficacy of supportive care and treatments to both decrease morbidity and mortality happen to be more effective and more great in number.Discuss and critically analyse the rationale or justifications for putting into place each of the below listed types of policy intervention solutions globally to address the contemporary health issue highlighted in disparities of access to health careEducation and TrainingInstitutions should consider conducting inquiry to determine up-to-date and effective policy and program solutions to lessen or diminish health disparities. It is essential to conduct outreach to expand the diversity such as racial/ethnic, disability, income in health care and public-related health careers. They should put forward preventive services (such as vision, oral care, hearing screenings and mental health services) for all children and elderly, curiously those at find. Lastly, they have to develop and carry out local plan of action to reduce psychosocial, environmental conditions and health that take hold of access to health care.Tax Benefits and Payments to CaregiverIncrease tax benefits and refunds for those who have below minimum wage workers and use data to spot populations at greatest risk and partner with communities to implement government programs and policies on mi tigations that addresses highest priority health needs. Government should allocate good payment, health benefits and remuneration to caregivers because they are the first line of health providers in terms of access to health services needed by the people.Respite CareThis type of care should be available and accessible every time the concerned individual needed it such as caring for disabled individual and older clients. Expand the communication and cultural competence of health care providers in the respite care service. Train and hire further qualifies staff from marginalised ethnic and racial minorities and people with disabilities. Intensify care systematisation and quality of care like integrated care teams.Business Regulation combining Work and Care givingHealth markets should comply with statutory policies and regulations concerning medical costs, handiness of health services and health care professionals, equal treatment of patients especially those who belong to minority gr oup and children, pregnant woman, chronic conditions or disabilities and elderly, and lastly, consider the communitys needs and demands of health care.Financial Support and Provision of Pension Credits for Care giving.Involved all professionals from a variety of sectors (such as labor, health, education, environment and transportation) with community representatives to make sure that community health needs are recognised and that needs and barriers are attended. Expand cheaper or affordable health services that will ameliorate favourable chances for health care coverage and access as component of efforts to lessen disparities among individuals who are deprived of health.ConclusionIt is a fact that health is vital to human existence. A person cannot perform his activities of daily living without being on a state of wellness. In this study, there are numerous factors that brought about disparities of access to health care. The essential qualities of health disparities evaluated were l ack of insurance coverage, lack of financial resources, structural barriers, shortage of health care providers, linguistic barriers, health literacy, discrimination and age. Most of the population affected by these circumstances are minority groups, children, pregnant woman, chronic conditions or disabilities and elderly.To deliver policies further fertile and effective to eliminate and prevent health disparities, understanding of scientific facts in determinants of health disparities is vital. In addition, it highlights the prominence of factors outside the immediate authority of the health sectors particularly the social welfare, labour, housing, market sectors, local government and education, in shaping the health of the population. On the other note, accomplishment in alleviating disparities in health leads to positive results for the individual, society and economy.

Plastic Theatre in A Streetcar Named Desire

Plastic Theatre in A trolley car Named passion1. IntroductionI dont want realism. I want magic (Williams, Streetcar Named bank 130)It is Blanche DuBois who states this quotation in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire. In this drama from 1947, deuce argonas, embodied by the two characters of Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski, clash. That conflict between realism and a wild-eyed conceive of things is circumpolar by dint of the whole coquet, increasing from scene to scene, and reaches its blooming in Stanleys snipe of Blanche in Scene Ten. After that suppression of the chicane affair and with Blanche going to an asylum, one might appreciate that the realistic point of view triumphs, simply in my opinion her leaving and her acting, still relying on the kindness of strangers (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 159), leads to the whimsey of a survival of her quitiality world. She just escapes from the demonic iniquity world and completes the cycle of ro adult m alece (Thompson 28). But I dont think that her illusions win over Stanleys realism, as she is a Romantic protagonist committed to the ideal plainly living in the modern age, a broken world (Holditch 147).In Williams tactic A Streetcar Named Desire, things are not always called by their names, provided he creates a sense of indirectness. With the aid of telling names and special attitudes of the characters, he caricatures a truth behind things. However, this is not restricted to the protagonists and their quotations, but as well as concerns the play itself, including the stage directions. The feeling of hidden truths is supported by effects and motifs, for example the adoption of light and music or the gestures of the actors. This realization of a play on a stage is called the Plastic Theatre, as the audience gets much involved through the purpose of varied senses. This leads to a vivid impression of the feelings and thoughts of the protagonists. Williams himself created the full term of the Plastic Theatre in his production notes to The Glass Menagerie. There he writes about a conception of a new, plastic theatre which must condense the place of the exhausted theatre of realistic conventions if the theatre is to resume vitality as a part of our culture (Williams, Glass Menagerie 4).2. DefinitionsTo provide a solid basis for the following thoughts concerning the different characters of A Streetcar Named Desire and their points of view, I want to introduce and explain the two terms of realism and romanticism briefly. Both of them can overly been seen as epochs in American Literature, but I just want to focus on the general statement. In addition, I want to expose further randomness about the idea of the Plastic Theatre.2.1. realismIn the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, realism is described as accept and dealing with life and its problems in a practical way, without universe influenced by feelings or false ideas. This means that one takes things as they are, evaluating situations only with the aid of the visible facts, not relying on false hopes or following non-realistic ideals. The human reason has, from a realistic viewpoint, a higher value and is more(prenominal) important than emotions or spontaneous impressions.2.2. love affairThe romantic perspective is in contrast to the realistic one. Romanticism is related to highly imaginative or impractical (Longman Dictionary, Romantic.) attitudes, admiring ideals which are not realistic or even unachievable. In romanticism, feelings and emotions are stated higher than rational thinking and human reason, not only in the context of love issues, but also in the way of dealing with situations and problems. Impressions are not based on visible facts, but on ideal conceptions, and these conceptions might be some ages quite fictional or utopian.2.3. The Plastic TheatreTo express his universal truths Williams created what he termed plastic theater, a distinctive new style of drama. He insisted that setting, properties, music, sound, and visual effects all the elements of staging must combine to reflect and enhance the action, theme, characters, and language (Griffin 22).Like Griffin, many authors, including Tennessee Williams himself, tried to explain the Plastic Theatre, but it was barely discussed in public. After he established the idea of the Plastic Theatre in the production notes to The Glass Menagerie, Williams never publicly discussed it again. But from that import on, his plays were precise(prenominal) theatrical, with lyrical and poetic language, his scenic descriptions draw on metaphors from the world of art and painting and with quite symbolic use of sound and light (Kramer).3. A Streetcar Named Desire The Truth Behind ThingsIn Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire, the audience gets the impression that facts are not just stated in spite of appearance the text, but between the lines. The characters are often described better through their behavior and gestures than through their actual quotations. From scene to scene it gets clearer that Blanche and Stanley are embodiments of two really contrasting viewpoints of life extreme romanticism and down-to-earth realism. This is also visible through different symbolic motifs, which emerge various times in the play. attached with a really evocative use of music and light and many telling names from the beginning on, the whole play seems conspicuously allusive.3.1. Romanticism and Realism in A Streetcar Named DesireWe are presented in A Streetcar Named Desire with two polar ways of looking at aim the realistic view of Stanley Kowalski and the non-realistic view of his sister-in-law, Blanche DuBois (Kernan 17). Williams brings the two views into conflict immediately.3.1.1. Blanche DuBois as the Romantic ProtagonistWhen the audience meets Blanche, her appearance is described as incongruous to this setting (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 8). In Scene One she arrives at the Elysian Fields, where her sister Stella and her brother-in-law Stanley Kowalski live. Her clothes are white and fluffy, looking very delicate and as if she were arriving at a summer tea or cocktail party in the garden district (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 9). She is very shocked about the habitation of her sister and calls it a horrible place (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 13). The reader is confronted instantly with her deranged self-awareness, as she asks Stella to turn the merciless (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 13) light off, because she does not want to be looked at in the bright light. This behavior is visible through the whole play. Blanche always tries to avoid over-light and glare. Her vanity about her looks is also singular in the way Blanche presents her figure to her sister, fishing for compliments and stating that she has the same figure as she had ten years ago. (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 18). She often states very romantic quotations through the whole play, e.g. concerning the pretty sky where she ought to go on a rocket that never comes down (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 44).When the relationship between Blanche and Mitch, a friend of Stanley, becomes more intimate, the audience gets an impression of Blanches romantic conception. She calls him her Rosenkavalier and wants him to bow, just like the gentlemen in the Old South would do (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 90). Although she was married once, she tries to roleplay like she would be untouched and a virgin, which she is obviously not. When Mitch says that he cannot understand French, she asks Voulez-vous couchez avec moi ce soir? (Would you like to have sex with me tonight?) (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 95). The information about her past, that she had many men in a hotel called the Flamingo, and the way she speaks about her relationship with Mitch, that she does not love him, but just want a man with whom she can rest, brings certainty for the audien ce.So Blanches character can be described as a very romantic one. For her, outwardness is very important, and to appear very delicate and pure she is not afraid of telling lies. She is a fake, a person who likes to be better than she actually is, living in a fantasy world which has nothing to do with the real life. Already damaged by the harsh realities of disease and death, Blanches Romanticism is reduced in some moments to nothing more than sentimentality (Holditch 155).3.1.2. Stanley Kowalski as the Realistic ProtagonistStanley Kowalski seems as the embodiment of a real man, opposed to or ignorant of the transcendent, very sexual and physical. When the audience gets in contact with him for the first time, he carries a package of meat and throws it to his wife Stella. He is described as strongly, compactly built. Animal joy in his being is implicit in all his movements and attitudes (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 24). His relationship to his wife is a very sexual one, as Stanl ey treats his wife in a very physical way and Stella states that she is very attracted to him. When Blanche leaves to the asylum and Stella cries, he consoles her by touching in a sexual way (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 160), which is characteristic of their relationship.His view of things is a very realistic one. When Blanche informs Stanley and Stella that she had lost the plantation of their parents, Belle Reve, Stanley thinks that in fact she did not lose it, but perhaps sold it and did not give them their part of the money. For him, this would be an affront against himself, as the property of his wife Stella is his own, too. He thinks Blanche bought jewelry, clothes like a solid-gold dress and Fox-pieces (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 32) from the returns of the plantation. In domain, the furs are threepenny summer furs (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 33) and the jewelry is glass. This mistake is the mistake of the realist who trusts to literal appearance, to his se nses alone (Kernan 18).Stanleys view of things, the realistic one, is the one which works in the modern, broken world. He embodies this harsh world with all its physical, material and sexual aspects. His strong appearance and his human reason is all he needs to get along in the real world.3.1.3. Conflict between Romanticism and RealismThe two points of view clash from the beginning of the play on until the end. Blanche embodies the romantic one, whereas Stanley stands for the realism.In the course of the play Williams manages to identify this realism with the harsh light of the naked electric bulb which Blanche covers with a Japanese lantern. It reveals pitilessly every line in Blanches face, every flash aspect of the set. And in just this way Stanleys pitiless and probing realism manages to reveal every line in Blanches soul by cutting through all the soft illusions with which she has covered herself (Kernan 18).Kernan explains very descriptive the relationship between the two pro tagonists. Stanley does not treat Blanche with much respect, which is visible through the way he talks about her bathing and her way of dressing. But also Blanche has an aversion to him, calling him sub-human something not quite to the stage of humanity yet (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 74). For her, Stanley is a threat, because he is able to destroy her fantasy world and to uncover her past and her real face. The conflict increases from scene to scene and reaches its peak in the rape of Blanche. Stanley has to prove his dominance and therefore rapes her to force his reality on her. But she is not broken after the rape, she is just even deeper in her fantasy world, which is shown by the way she trusts the doctor, holding tight to his arm, still depending on the kindness of strangers (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 159).Finally the audience gets the impression that the realistic point of view has the service of being workable. Blanches romantic way of looking at things, sensi tive as it may be, has a fatal weakness it exists only by ignoring certain positions of reality (Kernan 18).3.2. The Plastic Theatre in A Streetcar Named DesireWilliams tried to communicate circumstances not only by the acting of the protagonists, but also through symbols and various effects. The setting, lighting, props, costumes, sound effects, and music, along with the plays dominant symbols, the bath and the light bulb, provide direct access to the private lives of the characters (Corrigan 50). The many telling names in the play give additional information and enforce the impression of a truth behind things. In the following subchapters I want to discuss warning(a) Blanches bathing, the adoption of music and sounds and the use of telling names.3.2.1. Blanches BathingBlanche bathes very often in this play. She obviously wants to clean herself from her past. After the bathing, she feels all freshly and like a brand new human being (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 35). Every ti me she is confronted with the real, brutal world, she wants to escape in her hallucination world, which is strongly connected with bathing. In Scene Three when the men have a Poker Night and Stanley gives a loud whack of his hand on Stellas thigh, she instantly says I think I will bathe (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 49). In Scene Seven, she bathes again, little breathless cries and peals of laughter are heard as if a churl were frolicking in the tub (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 110), firearm Stanley tells Stella about Blanches past and her affairs with a seventeen-year-old boy and many other men. The title of the song Blanche sings while bathing is It Only a Paper Moon and it is described as a saccharine popular ballad which is used contrapunctually with Stanleys speech (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 106). Especially the verse - But it wouldnt be make-believe If you believed in me (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 107) is very ironic, because Blanche does not seem ver y trustworthy at all, and so the song even accentuates her disreputable past. After the rape, she bathes again in Scene Eleven and is very worried about her hair, as if the soap would not be whole washed out.The many baths in the play show that Blanche will never be done with bathing, because she is always confronted with the real world and could not clean herself from her past. It gives her a brand new outlook on life (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 115), but cannot change her life really.3.2.2. Music and SoundsThe use of music and sounds is also very theatrical in the play. The Blue Piano expresses the spirit of the life which goes on (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 6) and is always heard when the conflict between real world and Blanches fantasy world seems to increase. It is heard, for example, when Blanche arrives at Elysian Fields and grows louder when she informs Stella about the loss of Belle Reve as well as when Stanley tells her that Stella is going to have a baby. It also suggests the reduce of Blanche as it is swelling when Stanley rapes Blanche and afterwards when he consoles Stella, who cries because of Blanches leaving.Another music, which is strongly connected with Blanches past, is the polka music. It is always heard when Blanche talks about her dead husband. It emerges for the first time when Stanley mentions that Blanche was married once (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 28). She tells Mitch the story about her husbands death, he shot himself after dancing with Blanche in a casino. He was homosexual and she notice him with another man and said while dancing he disgusted her (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 103) and therefore he shot himself. It also appears when Stanley gives Blanche a book back to Laurel where she lived and when he takes Stella to the hospital and Blanche remains in the flat. So the song predicts Blanches downfall, as it is always heard when she is haunted by her past.3.2.3. Telling nameThere are various telling na mes in Williams play. Blanches name itself is quite telling, as blanche is French and means white, which is very fitting when looking at her character. The name of her plantation, Belle Reve is also French, meaning beautiful dream. Blanche behaves like she would still live in this dream, refusing to face the truth and the real world.There are many more telling names, but I want to concentrate now on the perhaps most important one, the Streetcar Named Desire as it is the title of the play. Blanche takes the trolley car named Desire (Williams, Streetcar Named Desire 9) to get to the apartment of the Kowalskis. This is very telling itself, as the audience finds out more and more about her past and that she leaved Laurel as a broken woman somehow, but her desire to live her life as an elegant, trustworthy and honest woman is still present. So she tries to live a, for her, desirable life, and she hopes to find that in New Orleans.By the aid of the telling names, which are visible from the beginning of the play on, the use of music and the different symbols which appear often, it seems very theatrical and plastic. The audience gets an impression of the characters and the circumstances in various ways.4. ConclusionIn Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire, the conflict between Romanticism and Realism, embodied by the two protagonists Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski, is the major theme of the play. With the aid of the characterization of these protagonists and the explanation of the conflict between them I was able to verify this thesis. These two persons are very polarized, visible through their points of view, their behavior and gestures. But in the end, only one point of view is workable, namely the realistic one of Stanley. Blanche lives in her dream world, even in the end after her rape. Stanley is not able to crush her, but she can only survive in her romantic fantasy world, which leads to the impression that she cannot exist in the modern age.The Tru th behind things in this play is also visible through the Plastic Theatre. Williams caricatured this hidden truth by the use of music and sounds, symbols and motifs, and telling names. My notions about Blanches bathing, the Blue Piano and the Polka in the play, and the telling names were exemplary for this plastic and sculptural theatre, and therefore I showed the reality of a truth behind things and that the term of the Plastic Theatre fits for A Streetcar Named Desire.

Odysseus: Epic Hero? :: Free Essay Writer

Odysseus Epic electric ray?The question has been raised as to whether or not Odysseus, the hero of Homers The Odyssey, is an epic hero. An epic Hero portrays many classic properties, including being very strong and courageous. Odysseus is an epic hero, because he portrays many of these and other traits, such as having a goal that is foremost in his mind, and having descended into the underworld. An epic hero is almost overwhelmed with difficulty, often beyond that which a normal man could withstand. Not only is he confronted occasionally by danger or hopelessness it is the entire premise of the poem. Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of troy weight (Fagles 77). This it the first line of the whole poem, summing up what is going to happen as the speaker prays to the Muses, goddesses of stories. There is in fact, no other person, fictional or otherwise, in all of history, ever so besieg ed with difficulty, as Odysseus. Women and goddesses often tempt epic heroes, and Odysseus is tempted too. The goddess Circe is one of the many people who tempt him, Come, sheath your sword, lets go to move back together, mount my bed and mix in the magic work of love-well breed deep trust between us (Fagles 240). Though Odysseus does bed with her, he neer loses sight of his hope of coming home to his wife, Penelope.A female character always aids an epic hero, and Odysseus is no exception. Near the end of his travels, Athena feels forbidding for him and decides to assist him and let him go home, and once he arrives, she helps him kill the suitors that plague his house. That left the great Odysseus waiting in his hall as Athena helped him fleck the slaughter of the suitors (Fagles 390). Not only is this assistance by a woman, and a sure sign of an epic hero, but also a goddess assists him, and only those suitable enough can be helped by the Immortal. Odysseus is also aided and to ld how to get home by the Goddess Circe. You must travel down to the House Of The Dead and the dreaded one, Persephone, there to consult the ghost of Tiresias, seer of Thebes (Fagles 245). This is the same person who tried to tempt him, but she realizes he wont stay and decides to help him instead.

Essay --

Colonial Super Powers From its birth in early 15th century to its decline in dominance by the 20th century, Colonial Super Powers fueled/sustained empires across oceans. Territories such as Portugal, France, Spain and majuscule Britain fought incessantly at times for various countries and islands across the world. The largest of all, the Superpowers during that Era, was Great Britain considered as the Giant Empires with the largest number of colonized countries under its control. These Countries gained their enormous wealth and power from the many countries they claimed as colonies. But while wealth was stripped from the Colonies/Caribbean islands, virtually things were gained-things that werent tangible things that stand even decades after these spirter colonies independence. This adopted Heritage, architecture, social institutions, languages, customs all form part of the culture of the islands such as Barbados and Dominica.Barbados is known as the Little England because of the r ich British Influence in the country. The names of streets, places, religion, sports, Architecture are all evidence of the British Influence.Religion in Barbados The Anglican church, the official Church of England is the dominant religious denomination on the island of Barbados. According to 2000 census, it indicates that 28 percent of Bajans are Anglican. The Various Churches (10) that still stand are example of how British architecture was very well emulated.Sports Cricket, an English Sport which was derived as an interval sport during the British Empire can be seen salutary in all former colonial Countries especially Barbados. Cricket is an essential part of the Barbadian culture .Over the Decades, Barbados/Bajans have mastered and adopted cricket... ...in the early 1700s.For instance, powerfulness George V street, Queen Mary Street(British name) and Vielle Casse & Petite Savanne(French) are all evidence of both French and English influence.Architecture- is uniquely interes ting the class of both eighteenth century French and British architecture can be seen around the island.Educational System The Educational System in Dominica is very similar to the British education is divided into four categories their education system is divided into four categories Preprimary (preschool), Primary School, Secondary/High school and tertiary College. Like the British, Uniforms are compulsory in most educational Institution across the island.The colonial Super Powers have influenced many countries, cultures and traditions over the course of history. These mixed traditions and cultures have created a form of identity for each country.

Ancient Romes Contribution to Western Civilization Essay -- essays re

antediluvian Rome has contributed to the development of Western Civilisation. Ancient Rome was a sophisticated country that helped us build up this society that we now live in ? Western Civilisation by lending attributes that involve made our world into what it has become. The government of Ancient Rome was (one of) the first to be created. If Romulus had not set down laws and chosen people to govern Rome, we would probably be all living in a very different way now. Also, Ancient Roman architecture has influenced buildings being built today. Lastly, the Ancient Roman language of Latin is the base of most English words.Government is extremely important in a country, because without it, all hell would break loose, and wrong doers would receive no punishment. Romulus was one of the first to make rules and laws and to make up government. Even though laws have changed a lot since then, in terms of equal rights etc., Romulus created the fundamentals in running a peaceful country. Ancien t Rome was mainly either a democracy or a republic in its existence. Today, the majority of Western countries...